The district of Sagar lies in the north central region of Madhya Pradesh. It was spelled as Saugar during the British period. It is situated between 23°10' and 24°27' north latitude and between 78°4' and 79°21' east longitude, the district has a truly central location in the country. The tropic of cancer passes through the southern part of the district.
The origin of the name comes from the Hindi word SAGAR meaning lake or sea, apparently because of the large and once beautiful lake around which the town of Sagar has been built. Sagar was founded by Udan Singh in 1660 and was constituted a municipality in 1867, a major road and agricultural trade centre, it has industries such as oil and flour milling, saw-milling , ghee processing , handloom cotton weaving, bidi manufacture and railway and engineering works. It is known in all over India due to its University named as Dr. Harisingh Gaur University and Army Cantonment and recently it has come into lime light due to "Bhagyodyay Tirth" a charitable hospital named after a Jain Sant Shri VidyaSagarji Maharaj. It is known for Police Training College which are only two in Madhya Pradesh other one is in Indore. Head quarter of Forensic Science Lab is also in SAGAR.
Sagar lies in an extensive plain broken by low, forested hills and watered by Sonar river. Wheat, chickpeas, soghum, and oilseeds are chief crops of the region, there is extensive cattle raising. Sandstone, Limestone, iron ore and asbestos deposits are worked. The archaeological site nearby Eran has revealed several Gupta inscriptions. District Sagar is predominantly a Scheduled Caste/Backward class district.
These together form about 75% of the district. The district has sizable population of tribals who are named as Rajgonds after their kingdom.The district is bounded on the north by Jhansi district of Uttar Pradesh , on the south by the district of Narsinghpur and Raisen, on the west by the district of Vidisha , and on the east by the district of Damoh, which was previously formed the part of Sagar District. On the north-east and north-west, the district adjoins Chhattarpur and Asok Nagar districts, respectively. The district is accessible by rail as the town of Sagar lies on the Bina-Katni branch line of Central railway. Sagar is 76 Km from Bina which is on the Bombay Delhi main line. The district is traversed by first class roads which connect it with important towns like Damoh and Jabalpur on the east and south east, respectively, Lalitpur and Jhansi on the north, Chhattarpur on the north east and Bhopal on the south-west. Bhopal the capital of Madhya Pradesh is about 208 Km from Sagar by road.
Sagar district is the sixteenth largest district in size in the State, and the third largest in the Jabalpur revenue division. The district is divided into nine tehsils viz- Sagar, Banda, Khurai, Rehli, Garhakota, Bina, Deori, Rahatgarh and Kesli each in the charge of a Tahsildar or a Sub-Divisional Officer.
Geographical Conditions:
Sagar district is situated in the famous Bundelkhand reagion. Betwa, Bebus, Bina, Dhasan and Sunar are main rivers of Sagar district. The Government's new venture 'Rajghat Pariyojna' on the dam of the river Bebus is very helpful for drinking water facility in the Sagar city. The climate of the district is very good and moderate. It has 11 blocks, 760 panchayats, 1927 habited villages and 2329 habitations. Sagar mainly depends on agriculture, economically. Bidi and Agarbatti making is the main source of livelihood for them. Wheat and Soyabeen are main agricultural products of the district. 

Socio-Economical Conditions:  District Sagar is predominantly a Scheduled Caste/Backward Class district. Ahiwar, Kori are main SC population and Sourn, Gound and Rawat are main ST population of the district. 201906 are marginal workers in the district. Out of 376379 households 148997 families are under Below Poverty Line (BPL). BPL families migrates for wages in building works and other unorganized sectors of the neighboring district. Sagar district faces seasonal emigrants from adjoining states like Chhatisgarh, UP, Bihar and Orisa.